{"id":20319,"date":"2019-08-30T07:24:59","date_gmt":"2019-08-30T07:24:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dgbellvietnam.com\/the-importance-of-lithium-ion-battery-safety-testing\/"},"modified":"2024-11-08T10:06:55","modified_gmt":"2024-11-08T03:06:55","slug":"the-importance-of-lithium-ion-battery-safety-testing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dgbellvietnam.com\/en\/the-importance-of-lithium-ion-battery-safety-testing\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m an to\u00e0n pin Lithium Ion"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

T\u1eeb khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t pin lithium, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u xu h\u01b0\u1edbng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c pin v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd chu k\u1ef3 d\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c cao. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i trong \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c. V\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef cao, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i pin. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t pin \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao. T\u00ednh an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a pin lithium ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a pin lithium-ion v\u00e0 pin dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao l\u00e0 t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh pin, trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng (nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng, s\u1ea1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, x\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch, rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00f9n, v.v.), pin lithium c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u1eed vong cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty do c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c thu h\u1ed3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m do nguy c\u01a1 an to\u00e0n. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba an to\u00e0n pin lithium m\u1edbi. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ra m\u1eaft<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 IEC 62133, UL1642, IEEE 1625, v.v. Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb GB\/T 18287-2000. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0: UN 38.3, GB 4943 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a pin lithium trong h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. <\/span><\/span>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n IEC 62133 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m IEC 62133<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nS\u1ef1 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S\u1ea1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p (cell)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nC\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang (cell)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
rung \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/a><\/span><\/td>\nCh\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch ngo\u00e0i<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u1ecf \u0111\u00fac ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u1edf <\/span><\/span>nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cao (pin)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\nR\u01a1i t\u1ef1 do<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/a><\/span><\/td>\nS\u1ed1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc (nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e8 b\u1eb9p)<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nL\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t (t\u1ebf b\u00e0o)<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nNghi\u1ec1n n\u00e1t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\u00c1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (t\u1ebf b\u00e0o)<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nQu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nPh\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c (t\u1ebf b\u00e0o)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m pin<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

S\u1ed1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc (nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e8 \u00e9p)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

Va \u0111\u1eadp c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, x\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra pin th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 <\/span><\/span>bu\u1ed3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eadp v\u1ee1 pin.<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/a><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 62133 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t cell ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 pin s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o m\u00e1y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee9ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1eafn c\u1ee7a pin ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 pin. M\u1ed9t cell ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 pin ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ba c\u00fa s\u1ed1c. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng theo ba h\u01b0\u1edbng vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi nhau. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3i vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ngang.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Gia t\u1ed1c va ch\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cell ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 pin \u0111\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i sao cho gia t\u1ed1c trung b\u00ecnh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 75 g v\u00e0 gia t\u1ed1c c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 125 g \u0111\u1ebfn 175 g trong 3 ms \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. C\u00e1c cell ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 pin ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 20 \u00b1 5 \u00b0C. Sau khi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, pin ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 pin kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft l\u1eeda, kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

R\u01a1i t\u1ef1 do<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea3 r\u01a1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng s\u1ef1 r\u01a1i t\u1ef1 do m\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. 80% thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u00e0 do r\u01a1i v\u00e0 va ch\u1ea1m.<\/span><\/span><\/strong> Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean R&D th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean quan cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0 va ch\u1ea1m. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ty s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m <\/span><\/span>th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea3 r\u01a1i pin<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/a> v\u00e0 <\/span><\/span>th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m va ch\u1ea1m m\u1ea1nh<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/a><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 62133 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i r\u01a1i t\u1ef1 do \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh l\u00e0 20 \u00b0C \u00b1 5 \u00b0C v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y. M\u1ed7i pin ho\u1eb7c cell \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i r\u01a1i 10M xu\u1ed1ng s\u00e0n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. V\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i 3 l\u1ea7n. Pin ho\u1eb7c cell ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean khi r\u01a1i. Sau khi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, pin ho\u1eb7c cell ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong 1 gi\u1edd. Sau \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan. Pin kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed5. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea3 r\u01a1i ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng r\u01a1i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t an to\u00e0n, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u00e0n k\u00edn c\u1ee7a pin.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a pin lithium-ion ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng cao g\u00e2y ra. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng cao nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n