{"id":20260,"date":"2019-12-07T01:03:34","date_gmt":"2019-12-07T01:03:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dgbellvietnam.com\/the-complete-guide-to-building-a-battery-safety-testing-laboratory\/"},"modified":"2024-11-07T11:59:58","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T04:59:58","slug":"the-complete-guide-to-building-a-battery-safety-testing-laboratory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dgbellvietnam.com\/en\/the-complete-guide-to-building-a-battery-safety-testing-laboratory\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m an to\u00e0n pin"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u pin lithium-ion l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m pin l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro cao. Trong m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra tai n\u1ea1n an to\u00e0n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda v\u00e0 n\u1ed5.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p pin c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m pin \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. C\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m pin c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. Do \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m pin, nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t, s\u1ed1c v\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng, rung, \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch, qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, s\u1ea1c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c, d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 ch\u00e1y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, trong khi ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m pin v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m pin, c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. Tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c thanh tra vi\u00ean v\u00e0 g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m & Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n

Theo Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a Nguy hi\u1ec3m, c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a nguy hi\u1ec3m, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m pin c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec1m m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a nguy hi\u1ec3m Lo\u1ea1i 8 (\u0103n m\u00f2n). Pin Lithium l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a nguy hi\u1ec3m Lo\u1ea1i 9 (Kh\u00e1c).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra an to\u00e0n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh:<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong>
\n (1) M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ed9 cao, chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ea1c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, v.v.;<\/span><\/span>
\n(2) S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, va ch\u1ea1m v\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng, b\u00f3p, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, r\u01a1i t\u1ef1 do, x\u1ea3 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c, s\u1ea1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, x\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, s\u1ea1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, s\u1ea1c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao Ch\u1edd.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m pin<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n

Ngo\u00e0i pin axit ch\u00ec, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 tr\u00e0n ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0103n m\u00f2n nguy hi\u1ec3m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed ch\u1ee9a hydro v\u00e0 oxy l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a pin t\u0103ng l\u00ean. N\u1ebfu pin g\u1eb7p ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda tr\u1ea7n sau khi tr\u00e0n, c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 arsine v\u00e0 antimon, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m do ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u00ec.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m pin lithium trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. M\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  2. S\u1ef1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  5. \u0110\u1ee9t g\u00e3y;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  6. v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  7. L\u1eeda v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0<\/span><\/span><\/span> r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

    Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n

    Th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m pin, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 pin lithium, c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 t\u1ef1 b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 n\u1ed5 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/span><\/span><\/em> \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m pin ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ecdi b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m an to\u00e0n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t & \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

    Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m pin, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch, qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i, x\u1ea3 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00f9n v\u00e0 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t, nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ch\u00e1y t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t.<\/span><\/span><\/em> \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ea1c v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 pin r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i. Do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00f2ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m pin c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00e1ch ly khu v\u1ef1c, h\u00fat kh\u00f3i ch\u00e1y, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u1eeb xa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m pin<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m pin th\u01b0\u1eddng nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 chu k\u1ef3 d\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, pin c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    2. Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y d\u1ea1ng b\u1ecdt;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    3. Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t kh\u00f4;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    4. Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y cacbon dioxit;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    5. Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y Haloalkane, v.v.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u01b0u v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m pin. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh cao h\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1o ch\u00e1y t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y kh\u00ed FM200 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1eadp trung c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y do pin g\u00e2y ra l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e1o kh\u00f3i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p (th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng), ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m pin th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

      Theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh hai ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 sau:<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n