{"id":19718,"date":"2023-03-16T09:19:40","date_gmt":"2023-03-16T09:19:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dgbellvietnam.com\/safety-evaluation-system-of-lithium-ion-battery\/"},"modified":"2024-10-24T15:34:29","modified_gmt":"2024-10-24T08:34:29","slug":"safety-evaluation-system-of-lithium-ion-battery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dgbellvietnam.com\/en\/safety-evaluation-system-of-lithium-ion-battery\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a pin Lithium ion"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Do pin lithium-ion \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, xe n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng (nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch, qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 x\u1ea3, rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00f9n v\u00e0 va \u0111\u1eadp, v.v.), ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb kh\u00f3i, ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u1ed5. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Hi\u1ec7n nay, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra pin lithium t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a pin lithium-ion t\u1eeb c\u00e1c g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a pin lithium-ion, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a pin lithium-ion.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a pin lithium ion<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

1.1 Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i theo c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(1) C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c ( <\/span><\/span>LHQ<\/span><\/span><\/a> ), \u1ee6y ban K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0110i\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ( <\/span><\/span>IEC<\/span><\/span><\/a> ), v.v.;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(2) Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia ho\u1eb7c khu v\u1ef1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia do Vi\u1ec7n Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Hoa K\u1ef3 (ANSI), Vi\u1ec7n Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Anh (BSI), Vi\u1ec7n Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0110\u1ee9c (DIN), \u1ee6y ban Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (JISC) v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n khu v\u1ef1c Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EN) do T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (CEN) x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(3) C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n do c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0110i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eed Hoa K\u1ef3 (IEEE), Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Pin Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (BAJ) v\u00e0 Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m B\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m ( <\/span><\/span>UL<\/span><\/span><\/a> ) x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1.2 \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch an to\u00e0n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n pin lithium ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 GB\/T 18287-2000 IEC62133, UL 1642 IEEE1625, v.v. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n cho vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng pin lithium trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 UN38.3, GB 4943, v.v. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a pin lithium-ion \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n pin lithium-ion. C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n pin lithium-ion do c\u01a1 s\u1edf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n pin lithium-ion c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC, UL, IEEE v\u00e0 JIS c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a IEC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh theo c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u an to\u00e0n, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, an to\u00e0n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, v.v.; C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n UL ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m an to\u00e0n, nhi\u1ec1u trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEEE t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pin.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cell pin, g\u00f3i pin v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c. L\u00e0 n\u01a1i s\u1ea3n sinh ra pin lithium, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p pin lithium ion l\u1edbn bao g\u1ed3m Panasonic, Sony, Sanyo, NEC, Hitachi, v.v. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 pin lithium ion v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a li\u00ean quan. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c BAJ n\u01a1i c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Yujia Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n JS C8714 \u2013 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2007. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n do Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho pin lithium ion v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y mang t\u00ednh ti\u00ean phong, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch b\u00ean trong b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1.3 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m an ninh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 Underwriters Lab \u2013 laboratories (UL-1642), Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c (UN) v\u1ec1 Giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u1ee6y ban K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0110i\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IEC-Project).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1.4 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u00e2m c\u1ee9u m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch b\u00ean trong; Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1ecfng b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7; Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i pin lithium-ion kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u00ecn chung, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin lithium-ion k\u00edn, b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua; Pin c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ec5 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a pin s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong pin v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng pin b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t, n\u1ed5, ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c. Pin lithium-ion th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i pin c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ec5 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra an to\u00e0n, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n ph\u00e1t sinh trong tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i. T\u00e1c h\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp g\u00e2y ra c\u0169ng nh\u1ecf; \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i pin c\u00f3 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 EV v\u00e0 HEV \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, vi\u1ec7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra an to\u00e0n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi pin th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n x\u1ea3y ra, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c, pin lithium-ion c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00ean trong khi s\u1ea1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pin r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecbt k\u00edn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi pin b\u1ecb s\u1ea1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u1edbc lithium qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng; Kim lo\u1ea1i lithium k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y dung m\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c dendrite lithium. Trong khi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1ee5, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a oxy v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn pin c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t (\u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng g\u00e2y ra t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1), v\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 kh\u00ed d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tai n\u1ea1n an to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin lithium-ion, do s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 n\u00ean khi x\u1ea3y ra tai n\u1ea1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra ch\u00e1y.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pin lithium-ion c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u1ee5 trong pin \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi pin lithium ch\u00ednh. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng lithium, trong khi \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n. Nh\u00ecn chung, khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i pin dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch b\u00ean trong l\u00e0 cao nh\u1ea5t. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf lo\u1ea1i pin n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng theo \u0111u\u1ed5i dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0ng ng\u0103n m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch b\u00ean trong. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea1t kim lo\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00e0ng ng\u0103n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m; Tuy nhi\u00ean, pin l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, pin c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a xe \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 200V), do \u0111\u00f3 tai n\u1ea1n do s\u1ea1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2. <\/span>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 <\/span><\/span>ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch b\u00ean trong<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

Khi pin b\u1ecb \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch b\u00ean trong, m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn ch\u1ea1y qua v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 sinh ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng cao, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 ch\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed5 trong pin. Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch b\u00ean trong m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n pin lithium ion. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a pin lithium-ion c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a pin lithium-ion th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n lithium ion, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch b\u00ean trong ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f9n thanh, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f9n, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e2m kim, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m va ch\u1ea1m v\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch b\u00ean trong c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p NASA, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m kim c\u00f9n, v.v.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3.K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

T\u00ednh an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a pin \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a pin \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay, v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch b\u00ean trong l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a pin. Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch b\u00ean trong, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a pin \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadt, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan. \u0110\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u1eaft khe. Hi\u1ec7n nay, pin \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, bao g\u1ed3m lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn xe n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i mu\u1ed9n, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tham kh\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n, ph\u1ea1m vi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n. Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf pin \u0111i\u1ec7n: ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1eaft x\u00edch y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a pin \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 bao ph\u1ee7 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a pin b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an to\u00e0n pin, do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t do an to\u00e0n pin g\u00e2y ra.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Do pin lithium-ion \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, xe n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng (nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u0111o\u1ea3n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19719,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19718","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc-cong-nghe"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dgbellvietnam.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19718","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dgbellvietnam.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dgbellvietnam.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dgbellvietnam.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dgbellvietnam.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19718"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dgbellvietnam.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19718\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22006,"href":"https:\/\/dgbellvietnam.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19718\/revisions\/22006"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dgbellvietnam.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19719"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dgbellvietnam.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19718"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dgbellvietnam.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19718"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dgbellvietnam.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19718"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}