The ECE R100 standard test instructions are crucial for battery-electric car safety. The ECE R100 testing requirements for lithium-ion batteries apply to an all-electric powertrain in several vehicle classifications of N and M using a rate breaking stage of 25km/h. The ECE R100 requirements of electric vehicles employ their electrical health and use its electric energy stockpiling frameworks. ECE R100 Rev2 certificate is just one of the very crucial European demands for its endorsement of street electric vehicles. The ECE R100 principle test for lithium-ion batteries comprises the battery being stressed within ECE R100 battery test chambers, where different test assortments occur. These tests ensure both enhanced performance and safe utilization of lithium-ion batteries.

 

What is ECE R100 Test Standard?

The ECE R100 battery test chambers are supposed to guarantee the safe functioning of rechargeable batteries under expected operating requirements and supply a higher degree of security for automobile drivers. It’s possible because the ECE R100 regular tests for lithium-ion batteries are entirely analyzed from electrical, mechanical, and environmental risks to ensure the most intense well-being applications. The ECE R100 battery testing standard is accountable for strengthening the health and enhanced lithium-ion batteries’ execution for electric vehicles. Additionally, it recognizes zones about lithium-ion batteries that require improvement.

Following the use of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles determined by specialists’ latest discovery attests that supplanting graphite anodes with lithium metallic pulse in electric vehicles assist its exhibition. There is no doubt that more revelations will be generated utilizing lithium-ion batteries in electric cars in light of the benefits of using the ECE R100 evaluation guidelines and rules.

 

What is the Revision 2 ECE R100 Test?

UN ECE Regulation No. 100 (also known as ECE R100) addresses the security requirements particular to the electrical power train of street vehicles such as rechargeable battery systems. Initially printed in 1996, the law was revised in 2011 to maintain pace with new technologies.

ECE R100 Revision 2 kind approval is currently required on new electrical car types entering agencies in Europe. These evaluations comprise vibration testing, thermal shock testing, fire immunity (immersion in gasoline fire), over-temperature, overcharge, and over-discharge testing. Additionally, DGBell has completed the testing for this new law, where possible, which offers system-level security through contactors and other security devices.

 

Types of Test Required for Lithium Battery Reaching Revision 2 ECE R100 Standard

• Vibration Test

The test verifies the security performance under vibration conditions very similar to those experienced under normal vehicle operations. The device under test is subject to some vibration using a sinusoidal waveform using a logarithmic sweep between 7 Hz and 50 Hz and back to 7 Hz at the length of 15 minutes. This sweep is replicated 12 times for an entire test period of 3 hours.

 

• Thermal shock and Cycling Test

It assesses the immunity of a RESS to abrupt changes in temperature very similar to those experienced in real environmental problems. The device under test is saved for at least half an hour at 60 degrees Celsius, followed by half an hour at -40 degrees Celsius. This cycle has been repeated five times, followed by storage of this unit at ambient temperatures for 24 hours.

 

• Mechanical Crash Test

It verifies the security performance of a RESS beneath inertial loads, which may happen in automobile crash conditions. The machine under test is accelerated or decelerated at rates given in the tables accompanying the Legislation, and the genuine gravitational force is contrasted with the values given in the tables.

 

• Over-temperature Protection

It verifies a device’s operation against inner combustion during the performance no matter what the situation is such as – the device cooling feature is damaged. The Battery undergoes the charging and discharging process repeatedly using a continuous current to improve cells’ temperature. The unit is then placed in a convection oven or living room, and the temperature of the oven or room is gradually improved to a predetermined amount.

 

• Short Circuit Safety

The test verifies a device’s short circuit security system’s operation to limit effects related to short circuits. The battery which will be tested intentionally shorted by connecting the apparatus’s positive and negative terminal, employing a connection using a specific immunity. The short circuit condition is continuing before the role of this short circuit protection could be verified, or for a minimum of one hour following the temperature measured on the apparatus casing has stabilized.

 

• Overcharge security

It assesses the operation of a device’s overcharge defense system. The device under test is billed until the apparatus automatically interrupts or restricts the charging or before the unit is billed to double its rated capability. We keep discharging the battery until it disrupts or restricts the release or whenever the unit is discharged to 25 percent of its nominal voltage level.

 

 

How to Choose Battery Test Chamber for Specific ECE R100 Test?

In reality, the law specifies all evaluations required for lithium-ion batteries installed on 4-wheel electric vehicles to transport goods or persons of street vehicles of categories N and M using electrical traction. Regardless of how the oppressed batteries within the test chamber are manhandled under different testing phases like vibration evaluations, heat stun, and biking tests, imperviousness to flame evaluations, external short out evaluations, etc. to select lithium-ion battery reactions on usual problems.

 

 

Electrode Coating Process

• Battery Dry Chamber

 

Aging Test

• Temperature Booth for Battery Aging
• Walk-in Environmental Chamber

 

Cell Complete & Inspection

• Battery Impedance Evaluation System
• Advanced Battery Tester
• High-power Battery Tester
• Module Complete & Inspection
• Temperature & Humidity Chamber for Efficient Charge and DischargeTest
• BenchtopType Temperature & Humidity Test Chamber
• Constant Climate Chamber
• Airborne Test Chamber for Batteries
• Temperature & Vibration Combined Environmental Test Chamber

 

Evaluation Test

• Crush Test System
• External Short Circuit Test System Test

 

Consequences of the Second Revision ECE R100 Test for EV Manufacturers

RESS testing requirements under the next revision of ECE R100 are somewhat more extensive than previous variants of this law. Also, the obligation for obtaining type approval could change to RESSs manufacturing companies. RESS producers and automobile manufacturers must take steps to cover the new type acceptance requirements before their July 2016 mandate. On the other hand, the regulation of a new strategy to form approval may provide manufactures with fresh market opportunities. Because automobile manufacturers will have the ability to pick type-approved RESSs through the design and development procedure that best fit their particular needs. They can alter RESSs in manufacturing automobiles without submitting their automobile for a complete kind inspection.

 

Conclusion

The next revision of ECE R100 introduces new testing requirements for producers of rechargeable battery systems for electric vehicles. It simplifies the existing type-approval system, a shift that’s very likely to raise competition in the RESS market. DGBell has finished this most challenging collection of evaluations to assist our clients throughout the tough ECE R100 Revision 2 kind attributes for battery-powered vehicles. This testing underscores the requirement for your car manufacturer to replicate at least one of these evaluations throughout their final sign-off using IDIADA, which radically reduces OEM time to market, wherever they are situated in Europe.

 

 

In product development and research, battery testing becomes a vital component. We’ll briefly examine the many different kinds of environmental chambers for battery testing to mitigate risks in analyzing batteries under different temperature conditions. The various cell types, evaluation processes, and summary of security issues when performing battery testing will be dealt with together. These are important criteria to consider how to pick the most suitable environmental chambers for battery testing. In electric vehicles, it’s vital to comprehend the way the product interacts with all other elements. We’ll clarify what security features and precautions have to be used and the reason why.

Li-ion thermal runaway is a speedy, extreme, and self-supporting response. Assessing the response is not as significant as correctly handling the by-products (gases and pressure). Improper battery testing, though, can place consumer security in danger and cost your business millions of dollars. The technology giant Galaxy Note smartphone moved through none; however, two recalls because of a battery explosion. This type of scenario could have been averted with precise, repeatable testing. That is only possible using a high-quality humidity and temperature test chamber.

 

Variety of Hazard Levels Included in Lithium Ion Batteries

Common problems you can face like- Undercharging, overcharging, a fracture in the dividing membrane. There’s a vast array of security dangers associated with one or more of these failures, which can be particular to the product being analyzed. There are lots of UL and IEC specifications for analyzing batteries to ensure they can endure their daily surroundings. During the charging and discharging process to fulfill the mentioned specifications we need environmental chambers for testing the batteries in high and low temperatures. Temperature, charge/discharge, and the depth of discharge may significantly impact the batteries’ cycle life.

Types of Hazard and Their Effects

• Defect Damage

No harm or danger; reversible reduction of function. Replacement or re-setting of security apparatus is enough to restore standard functionality. Replacement or repair required.

• Minor Leakage

Proof of cell regeneration or venting using RESS weight loss < 50 percent of electrolyte weight reduction.

• Big Leakage

Proof of mobile leakage or venting using RESS weight reduction > 50 percent of electrolyte weight reduction.

• Rupture

Reduction of mechanical integrity of this RESS container, leading to a discharge of contents. The kinetic power of the discharged substance isn’t enough to cause physical harm outside to the RESS.

• Explosion

Very speedy discharge of energy is enough to induce pressure waves or projectiles that might result in significant structural and bodily harm, based on how big the RESS.

 

Want Battery Safety? Choose Right Environmental Chambers for Battery Testing

The Choice of the proper environmental test chamber is a significant choice for test engineers whatever the application. But once the product being analyzed is a submersible battery, there’s a lot of information to think about. Significant considerations ought to be based on the degree of security needed for the end user’s program and the essential and accessible utilities. The most frequent concern entailed with environmental testing is the discharge of flammable gases to the test environment if a thermal runaway happens. In the majority of cases, this launch occurs at enormous pressures for short durations of time (usually 5 to 10 minutes per cell). These gases’ particular attributes should be assessed when producers design-related safeties for the test chamber.

The lithium ion battery testing requirement is far more crucial to decrease automobile emissions and induce electric hybrids. Our demonstrated experience provides the lowest priced solutions. Each testing chamber is constructed based on specific evaluation requirements. Anyone can quickly interface with battery cyclers, tracking & management data acquisition systems, and other test equipment to get a whole integrated evaluation choice.

 

Build Quality and Performance

Given the number of factors that impact environmental tests, the materials used to build temperature, and humidity chambers will need to maximize functionality and stay durable.

Top-of-the-line test chambers possess these physical layout characteristics:

• Non-conducting fittings which connect batteries to wires leading to a battery cycler for precise, powerful cost and release outcomes
• Welded, type 304 stainless steel inside to comprise compound gasoline and liquid spills and mitigate fire dangers
• Highly-efficient, non-volatility variable, thermal insulating material for a steady temperature environment in the workspace
• Heavy-gauge steel exterior which protects multiple electrical and mechanical systems from laboratory and production line components

 

Hardware & Software Collaboration 

The times of standing alongside your test room and monitoring progress are long gone. Start looking for instrumentation that lets you operate and monitor your apparatus under test through a secure remote connection.

Blend hardware and applications, DGBell is standard on all humidity and temperature test chambers, and it may also be retrofitted to many existing evaluation chambers irrespective of the producer. This technology has revolutionized the practice of building evaluation profiles and created safe remote monitoring and operation potential — a requirement in today’s contemporary work environment. With all the hardware and software installed and batteries located, you can command evaluations from anyplace through your group’s laptops, tablet computers, and computers. A good environmental chamber for battery testing possessed these following qualities:

• Run and monitor the evaluation room
• Able to create multiple testing templates
• Storage acquired by each template is linked with a server. You can control the test chamber remotely.
• View current and historical data (even as a test is operating )
• Multiple permission can be granted to access resources of the test chamber by you with your team members

 

How to Reduce Risks Incorporated in Environmental Chambers While Testing Battery?

Bearing safety in mind, the most frequent safety feature integrated into environmental chambers to test batteries is temperature-restricted sheath heaters. The objective of sheathed heaters would be to control the surface temperature of the heater. It will enable the room to satisfy the desired air temperature and keep beneath the auto-ignition stage of any harmful gases which might have been discharged but not sparked into the fire. Along with thermal restricted sheath heaters, steps should be required to mitigate the danger of spark resources in the room if it’s ascertained that flammable vapors may be present. These preventative steps include but aren’t limited to non sparking fan blades or mill wheels, intrinsically safe barriers on all detectors (humidity and temperature) to prevent large voltage pulses’ potential into the room through cables, along with also the elimination of any inner chamber lights.

Another issue to think about is pressure damages. When the pressure applied to release gases from the battery during the test depends on the battery’s size and design. Most environmental test chamber manufacturers for battery testing have a standard pressure relief interface that enables the room to “breathe” into account for the contraction and expansion of the atmosphere inside the conditioned ecosystem. These “standard” pressure relief vents might often not be sufficient to compensate for the strain and quantity discharged in case of a collapse. Instead of the rupture disks, which are frequently utilized to compensate for the accelerated release of stress, we have developed a custom-tailored pressure relief system for the necessary gas flow. The benefit to the method is that there isn’t any maintenance needed to”reset’ this vent into the “at rest” position.

 

Conclusion

Every battery or part maker must evaluate their unique risks and failure modes. If the danger is unknown, it could be beneficial to look at your “worst-case” scenario. With this info, you can then utilize a room manufacturer to ascertain your program’s appropriate safety. There’s no standard security gear or battery space, as hazards can fluctuate significantly by product design, assembly, and battery chemistry. Recall that locating a humidity and temperature chamber for battery testing ought to be a collaborative work. Consult with your research workers, engineers, and operate with a manufacturer with the knowledge to customize a solution for you. DGBell understands how vital testing is always to invention and beating competitors to market.

 

 

 

If you need service, change a part, or a startup business where you will invest a lot of money, you must make sure of your product’s quality. Environmental testing is a necessary part of testing your product. You must know the best environmental test chamber manufacturer’s quality to win a particular niche market. Environmental testing may be reduced to some functions. You examine for reliability, durability, and implied life, whatever your business. You would like to have an answer to, ‘Can my product or apparatus work as planned?’  That is a significant question that needs a confident ‘ yes’ instead of an ‘I believe. ‘ The results of a recall or suit are much too intense to take lightly. Your company is dependent upon quality testing, and therefore, you want a partner.

Environment test chambers are often constructed to satisfy the demands of varied industries. Irrespective of this room’s dimensions, the design, and building of the room must satisfy the prerequisites. Accurate measurement in a particular situation should be possible with those Environmental Chambers. With the increase in the walk-in chambers’ magnitude, it will become essential to ensure that the chamber works well on all ecological requirements with no disturbance.

 

High-Quality Product Catalogue with Customization Options

Before searching for a test chamber, first set the criteria to which you are analyzing. These can establish a particular test room you want. If it is time to pick up the telephone, you will also understand what you’re searching for.

Inventory goes past accessibility, however, consider the company’s website. Does this carry standard and high-speed evaluation chambers? What customization choices and updates does it consume? Visit the manufacturer’s website. List some models according to your needs and find out if they have collections or not. A quality company must have different variations in their chambers such as Walk-In environmental test chamber, Temperature humidity test chamber, etc. Does it carry standard and high-performance test chambers? What customization options and upgrades does it have?

Those may not be relevant for you, but more offerings indicate that the producers have a good group of engineers supporting their goods and also do well enough in earnings to merit a broad choice of chambers.

 

Manufacturer’s Background Record

A business’s background might be less significant than the other attributes, but it ought to be noted. After all, ecological testing has developed in recent years. Consider it: if a manufacturer is serving the auto industry for 12-15 years, and it’s still generating test chambers for electrical automobile testing now, they need to possess a leading record and standing.

The simple fact is technology changes quickly, as do analyze criteria themselves. Consider retrofitting old test chambers using new instrumentation or compelling for innovation up to their clientele. Newer isn’t necessarily better, as they say, which is right in a market that exists solely to guarantee quality.

 

Services Provided to Customers

As technologies and standards change, the definition of consumer service changes, too. In the end, clients might require support, or a fast reply, outside of business hours, particularly when it comes to continuing evaluations. Producers should be easy to achieve, conducive to their challenges, and provide real advice. By way of instance, they ought to be the first to inform you if a pricey repair is merely a short-term fix to get a long term issue. They should also direct your buying procedure.

Maybe you plan to rent rather than purchase a test chamber, or you are wavering on updating from a conventional model to someone. In both circumstances, the very best environmental test chamber manufacturer walks you through the advantages of each choice. Check some of our best Walk-In environmental test chambers.

 

Maintenance & After-Sale Support

The ideal test chamber manufacturers keep phoning long after the first trade and supply support when required. Many provide free replacement components and solutions in a guarantee period after your buy. Additionally, start looking for what sort of troubleshooting can be found so that you do not need to always rely upon an external service to help keep you running and identify exactly what the matter is until you bring in agency staff.

The actual difference, however, comes from long-term care programs. You must practice preventative quarterly and annual maintenance to maintain your test chamber running. Start looking for factory service workers instead of technicians. If it’s possible to utilize manufacturer support for maintenance, it is a benefit. Additionally, working with mill service makes it possible to cultivate a working relationship that you can turn to if questions or issues arise. The supplier has support team members positioned around the nation. This way, once you need a fix, they could get to your store fast.

 

Experience & Innovative Mindset

That is the X variable, which may differentiate great test room manufacturers from just good ones. They specialize in customization and innovation. Their experience extends to their models, retrofitting older test chambers, irrespective of manufacturer, contemporary instrumentation and fittings, and supplying repairs and parts. It is all done for precisely the same reason you prioritize invention. As you seem to remain at the forefront of the business, so, also, should your test chamber manufacturer.

 

Conclusion

Most regulations and standards rely on measurement and testing to establish compliance with their requirements. These criteria have prerequisites for the evaluation facilities for use when analyzing products for compliance. To correctly assess any item, measurements and tests must be carried out at a well-equipped lab and under conditions defined and defined in the criteria. The manufacturing team must have properly instructed members and have expertise with specific measurement methods. Thus, select your environmental test chamber manufacturer sensibly. Our Bell is also a good choice.

 

 

Does the power recovery increase the number of battery cycles?

The motor that powers new energy vehicles is almost exactly the same as a generator in terms of component structure and line connection. If you change the direction of rotation of the rotor, the motor can be transformed into a generator.

In order to reduce energy waste, engineers added a converter to the power system of the new energy vehicle. When the vehicle is coasting or braking, the converter will start on its own. The motor changes the direction of rotation and transforms it into a generator, which uses a part of the forward power to drive the generator to generate electricity, which is stored in the power battery. This is the braking energy recovery of new energy vehicles, also called kinetic energy recovery or power recovery.

The biggest advantage of kinetic energy recovery is that part of kinetic energy can be converted into electric energy, which can increase the power of the power battery, extend the driving range of electric vehicles and reduce the wear of the brake system.

It can be seen from the working principle of the kinetic energy recovery system that the kinetic energy recovery process is actually a process in which the motor temporarily charges the power battery. The more times the kinetic energy recovery is triggered, the longer the time is, and the more times the power battery is passively charged, and the longer the time is. Therefore, the kinetic energy recovery will actually increase the battery charging time and frequency. During the use of the power battery, the number of charging cycles is a very important parameter, which determines the service life of the battery.

The so-called charging cycle refers to the process in which the battery is exhausted and fully charged when the battery is fully charged, the number of charging cycles is the number of times the battery goes through such a complete charging cycle.

The number of charging cycles is not necessarily related to the number of battery charges, but has a certain relationship with the cumulative battery charge. If the single charge is 50% of the battery capacity, one charge cycle is completed after 2 charges. If the single charge is 20% of the battery capacity, one charge cycle is completed after 5 charges.

The trigger scenario for kinetic energy recovery is vehicle braking and coasting. In daily use of a car, the time that the vehicle is under braking and coasting is very short, and the number of times is not very much. For example, when a vehicle goes from a speed of 100 kilometers per hour to a stop, the braking distance is generally only more than 40 meters, which is nothing more than a few seconds. What’s more, the kinetic energy recovery will only be triggered when the brake pedal is half-depressed or the accelerator pedal is released to coast. Moreover, when the kinetic energy recovery system is working, the efficiency is not very high, and the recovered power generally does not exceed 20kWh, which is the lowest level of fast charging.

The kinetic energy recovery time is short and the power is low. Therefore, although the kinetic energy recovery can increase the power by charging the power battery, it is very difficult to complete a charging cycle. After all, when an electric vehicle travels five to six hundred kilometers on a flat road, the kinetic energy recovery time is usually only a few minutes, and it takes more than one hour for the battery to complete a charging cycle.

Therefore, although the kinetic energy recovery can increase the battery power, it will not significantly increase the number of battery charging cycles, and will not end the battery life prematurely. It should be known that under specific conditions in the laboratory, continuous charging and discharging at a charging rate of 1C, ternary lithium batteries after about 1000 charging cycles, lithium iron phosphate batteries after 2000 charging cycles, the battery capacity will decline to 80% of the initial capacity.

 

Is the number of cycles of a battery related to electricity itself?

The answer is yes. In fact, for power batteries, the factors that affect the number of cycles of charging, and the service life are mainly from two aspects. One is the battery itself, and the other is from the outside. Let’s first look at which external factors will affect the number of charging cycles. First of all, normal use. For example, the temperature of the battery in use and the degree of discharge of the battery will affect the service life of the battery.

In addition, the timing of charging is also very important. Generally, it is recommended to use shallow charge and shallow discharge for the battery. In case of over discharge or overcharge, the battery life will be greatly affected. Generally, the battery should be maintained from 25% to 75%, and it is not necessary to wait until the battery is completely discharged before charging.

Finally, the use of different charging methods will also affect the service life of the battery. For example, there are two main types of charging piles on the market. One is a fast charging pile and the other is a slow charging pile. If the fast charging pile is often used for charging, the service life of the battery will also be affected. After reading the external influence factors, let’s look at the influence factors of the battery itself.

• First of all, the most important factor that determines the number of battery cycles is electromagnetic material. For example, the two batteries currently used in the mainstream of electric vehicles, the ternary lithium battery, and the lithium iron phosphate battery. The two kinds of batteries use different cathode materials. In the later use, the characteristics of the two batteries are different. At the same charging rate, the cycle charge of the lithium iron phosphate battery can reach 2000 times, while the charging cycle times of the ternary lithium battery can only reach 1000 times, which shows that the material has a great impact on the battery life.
• The second is the quality of batteries. From the current point of view, many battery manufacturers are providing batteries for electric vehicles, but each brand has its own characteristics, and the quality is also uneven. Although theoretically, as long as the number of charging cycles is the same for batteries of the same specification, different production processes used by different brands will also lead to different later life.
• Finally, in addition to the battery cell itself, a complete battery management system is required for the power battery pack. This management system can make the battery cell charge and discharge more reasonably, which has a great impact on battery life. For example, the thermal management system and the battery balancing system are essential to the power battery pack.

The number of cycles of battery charging represents the service life of the battery, and the factors that affect the service life of the battery are related to the battery itself and usage factors. For pure electric vehicle owners, we can not determine the influencing factors of battery itself, but we can extend the service life of power battery by developing good car use habits.

 

Can the battery be used if it is swollen? Will it explode?

The deformation of the battery cell is not sudden, it is often a process. The battery enters the high-voltage charging zone when it is charged to about 80% of its capacity. At this time, oxygen is first precipitated in the positive electrode, and the oxygen passes through the holes in the separator to reach the negative electrode. Perform oxygen resurrection reaction on the negative plate: 2Pb+02=2PbO+H2O+Q, PbO+H2SO4=PbSO4+H2O+Q, generates heat during the reaction. When the charging capacity reaches 90%, the rate of oxygen generation increases, and the negative electrode begins to generate hydrogen. The increase of a large amount of gas is that the internal pressure of the battery exceeds the valve opening pressure, escapes, and finally manifests as water loss.

As the number of battery cycles increases, the moisture decreases gradually, resulting in the following conditions in the battery:

1. The oxygen “channel” becomes unblocked, and the oxygen generated by the positive electrode can easily reach the negative electrode through the “channel”.
2. The heat capacity decreases, and water is the largest heat capacity in the battery. After water loss, the heat capacity of the battery is greatly reduced, and the heat generated makes the temperature rise rapidly.
3. Due to the shrinkage of the ultra-fine glass fiber separator in the battery after the loss of water, the adhesion between the positive and negative plates becomes worse, the internal resistance becomes larger, and the heat generation during charging and discharging increases. If the heat dissipation is less than the calorific value, the temperature rises, which reduces the overpotential of the battery gassing and increases the gassing capacity. A large amount of oxygen in the positive electrode passes through the “channel” and reacts on the negative surface, emitting a large amount of heat to make the temperature rise rapidly.

 

Failure inspection and handling

A group (3) deforms at the same time, and the voltage is checked first. If the voltage is basically normal. The single cell voltage should also be measured to determine whether there is a short circuit. If there is no short circuit, it means that the deformation is caused by “thermal runaway” caused by overcharging. It is important to check the charging parameters of the charger. If the voltage is higher than V without overcharge protection or the trickle conversion current is too low, the charger must be replaced.

 

Can the battery deformed bulge still be used?

The battery can continue to be used if there is less deformation, but it should be noted that the charging time should not exceed 8 hours. The bulging of the battery indicates that the battery is short of liquid. You should add 5-10ml of replenisher and then charge it again. The needle tube sucks out the excess free acid, which can make the battery no longer bulge.

After the battery is charged, it is basically scrapped and can no longer be used. When the battery is fully charged and the battery is saturated, stop charging. If the battery that continues to be charged will be charged, the battery will deform and squeeze the inner plate after charging, the plate will break and collide, and the battery will not be charged and discharged normally, so the charged battery will be scrapped. The battery can be replaced with a new one.

There are two possibilities for the bulging shape of the battery. One is due to long-term overcharging, which causes the battery grid to deform and the active material to expand. The other is that the battery exhaust port is blocked and overcharged, the gas in the battery cannot be discharged and the internal height of the battery is increased. This situation is very dangerous and could lead to an explosion.

 

 

 

Currently, new energy vehicles use lithium batteries as power batteries. However, the price of lithium batteries is very expensive, which is nothing compared to the well-known lead-acid batteries. The lead-acid battery is a kind of battery whose electrodes are mainly made of lead and its oxides, and the electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution. It has the advantages of low price, stable voltage, and easy repair, and has become the power of electric bicycles, scooters, and other vehicles. The first choice for batteries is also the main force of car starter batteries. New energy vehicle power batteries choose lithium batteries instead of lead-acid batteries because lithium batteries are more suitable as power batteries than lead-acid batteries. Even if the price is higher, the use effect is better.

Lithium battery has a high energy density

As the space of a new energy vehicle is limited, its battery capacity is mainly controlled by the battery energy density. As a means of transportation, the driving range of new energy vehicles is very important. If there is no sufficient battery capacity to support, new energy vehicles cannot achieve a high driving range. At present, the energy density of lithium batteries can basically reach 200~260wh/g, and the highest has even exceeded 300wh/g, while the energy density of lead-acid batteries is only generally 50~70wh/g. If new energy vehicles choose lead-acid batteries as power batteries, the driving range will be only about one-third of the current range, which is not competitive at all.

 

The lithium battery is lighter

Lead-acid batteries contain a large amount of lead and sulfuric acid. The density of lead is 11.3437g/cm3 and the density of sulfuric acid is 1.8305g/cm3; while the density of lithium, the main constituent of lithium batteries, is only 0.534g/cm3. Therefore, even if other components are included, the weight of a lithium battery with the same volume is only about one-third of that of a lead-acid battery. If new energy vehicles choose lead-acid batteries as power batteries, it will increase the quality of the equipment a lot, thereby increasing the energy consumption of the whole vehicle, increasing the wear and tear of various parts of the vehicle, shortening the service life of the vehicle and shortening the driving range.

 

The charging and discharging rate of lithium battery is large

Lead-acid batteries do not support high-rate charging and discharging, so it does not support DC fast charging, nor does it support high-speed motors. If lead-acid batteries are used as power batteries for new energy vehicles, the maximum speed of the vehicle is estimated to be unable to exceed 100 kilometers, and the climbing ability and acceleration performance will also drop a lot.

 

The lithium battery has a long service life

The number of charging cycles of lithium batteries can reach 800-2000 times, while lead-acid batteries only have 300 times. Using lithium batteries as power batteries can effectively reduce the number of battery replacements in the life cycle of new energy vehicles. Overall, the battery costs are lower.

 

The lithium battery has no memory effect, and will not reduce the battery capacity and shorten the driving range due to improper use

Therefore, although the price of lithium batteries is higher, its advantages determine that it is more suitable as a power battery for new energy vehicles than lead-acid batteries. Therefore, the safety testing of lithium batteries is very important in the electric vehicle industry.

Only by guaranteeing the safety of lithium batteries can the personal safety of our new energy vehicles be guaranteed during driving.